Kukhazikika kwa Makampani a Aluminiyamu ku Guinea Kumafulumizitsa, Kutenthetsa Makina Opangira ndi Kuphika Kumakhala Kofunikira Kwambiri pa Kufunika kwa Aluminiyamu ya Electrolytic

Pakati pa kukonzanso kwa unyolo wa mafakitale opanga aluminiyamu padziko lonse lapansi, Guinea yakhala ikuthandiza kwambiri pamakampani opanga aluminiyamu padziko lonse lapansi.

Pokhala ndi matani 7.4 biliyoni a bauxite ogwiritsidwa ntchito, miyala yamtengo wapatali ya silicon yochepa komanso alumina yambiri yokhala ndi alumina ya 45%-62%, komanso ubwino wachilengedwe wa kuyika pansi pa nthaka komanso migodi yosavuta yotseguka, Guinea ili ndi msika woposa 70% wa msika wamalonda wa bauxite wapadziko lonse lapansi. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, 74% ya bauxite yochokera ku China imachokera ku Guinea, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale maziko ofunikira kwambiri a mafakitale a aluminiyamu aku China.

Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwathunthu kwa Ndondomeko Yadziko Lonse ya Simandou ya 2040 ku Guinea, ndalama zonse zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pazaka 15 zafika pa madola mabiliyoni 200 aku US, ndipo gawo loyamba (2025-2030) lafika pa madola mabiliyoni 65 aku US, zomwe zasintha kwambiri malingaliro a chitukuko cha mafakitale am'deralo.

Boma la Guinea lalimbikitsa mwamphamvu mfundo zatsopano zokomera dziko. Mwa kubwezeretsa ufulu wochita migodi, kuwongolera zotulutsa kuti mitengo ikhazikike, komanso kulimbikitsa kukonza zinthu m'deralo, likuletsa kutumiza miyala yosafunikira kunja, zomwe zikukakamiza bauxite kuti ikonzedwe m'deralo kukhala alumina, electrolytic aluminiyamu ndi aluminiyamu ingots.

Makampani akuluakulu aku China kuphatikizapo Aluminium Corporation of China (CHINALCO), SMB Winning Consortium ndi SPIC atsogola pakupanga zinthu, poyambitsa mapulojekiti a alumina okwana matani 1.2 miliyoni pachaka, ndikuyambitsa kufalikira kwa "bauxite — alumina — electrolytic aluminum — aluminium ingot". Guinea ikusintha mwachangu kuchoka pa kutumiza kunja kwa miyala imodzi kupita ku maziko opangira aluminiyamu ku Africa.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro a kusintha kwa mafakitale, bauxite ikasungunuka kukhala alumina, kuyika mphamvu zonse mu kupanga aluminiyamu yamagetsi kudzakhala kwakukulu kwambiri m'mafakitale.

Malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa mafakitale, matani 1.2 miliyoni a alumina amatha kupanga matani pafupifupi 635,300 a aluminiyamu yamagetsi. Pambuyo pochotsa kutayika kwa ma electrolysis a mafakitale ndi kutayika kwa kuwotcha, kutulutsa kokhazikika kwa ma ingot a aluminiyamu kumafika matani 610,000 mpaka 615,000.

Mzere wopanga ma ingot a aluminiyamu wokhala ndi matani 600,000 pachaka uyenera kugwiritsa ntchito matani pafupifupi 300,000 a ma anode ophikidwa kale ndi matani 15,000 a ma cathode carbon blocks chaka chilichonse. Monga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ma electrolytic aluminiyamu, mphamvu yoperekera ndi kuwongolera khalidwe la ma anode ophikidwa kale zimatsimikizira mwachindunji momwe ntchito yokhazikika, kuchepetsa ndalama, komanso kukonza bwino ntchito zama projekiti a electrolytic aluminiyamu am'deralo ku Guinea.

Mu njira yopangira ma anode ophikidwa kale, makina otenthetsera ndi kupanga ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri, chomwe chimaphimba njira yonse yowerengera zinthu zouma, kukanda kutentha kosalekeza, kusintha phala ndi kupanga kugwedezeka.

Imagwira ntchito makamaka kusakaniza zinthu monga petroleum coke ndi pitch coke ndi pitch binder, kumaliza kumeta, kukanda ndi kulowetsa pansi pa kutentha koyenera kuti apange pulasitiki yofanana, yomwe kenako imapangidwa bwino kukhala ma anode blocks wamba.

Kulondola kwa njira yokanda ndi kupanga kumakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa zinthu, mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu ya makina a anode, ndipo kumakhudzanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, magwiridwe antchito amakono komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu ya electrolytic, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati chitsimikizo chachikulu cha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso kotsika mtengo kwa mizere yopanga aluminiyamu ya electrolytic.

Pakadali pano, Guinea ikukumana ndi zofooka zazikulu pakuthandizira mafakitale ake a aluminiyamu am'deralo. Ngakhale kuti mphamvu za alumina ndi electrolytic aluminiyamu zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira, mphamvu zothandizira monga ma anode ophikidwa kale ndi ma cathode carbon blocks sizokwanira kwenikweni, ndipo magawo othandizira unyolo wa mafakitale kuphatikizapo zinthu zotsutsa, caustic soda ndi zida zopangira carbon ali pafupifupi opanda kanthu.

Ndi kusainidwa ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa pulojekiti ya CHINALCO ya alumina ya matani 1.2 miliyoni, komanso kumangidwa mwachangu kwa mapulojekiti a alumina a SMB ndi SPIC, mizere yambiri yopangira aluminiyamu yamagetsi idzayambitsidwa mwachangu, zomwe zimabweretsa kufunikira kwakukulu kwa makina ogwirira ntchito bwino komanso akuluakulu okanda ndi kupanga.

Pofuna kukwaniritsa zosowa za chitukuko cha makampani opanga aluminiyamu ku Guinea, makina okonzera ndi kupanga zinthu zotenthetsera ali ndi zabwino zambiri monga kusinthasintha kuti zigwirizane ndi mphamvu zazikulu, kusunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito, khalidwe lokhazikika komanso kugwirizana ndi ntchito ndi kukonza zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kunja.

HWAPENGDongosolo Lotenthetsera ndi Kukanda Logwira Ntchito KwambirindiMakina opangira HP-EVC800 Extrusion VibrocompactorPogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wolondola wowongolera kutentha ndi cholakwika choyezera kutentha chomwe chimayendetsedwa mkati mwa ±2℃, zida zimatha kugwira ntchito bwino potenthetsera zinthu zouma, kukanda mwamphamvu kwambiri komanso kupanga kuziziritsa;

Ikhoza kuonjezera bwino kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zatsirizidwa ndi anode ndi 2%-5%, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma phula ndi oposa 2%, kukweza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zapangidwa ndi mayunitsi 0.02, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kutayika kwa kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma electrolysis.

Pakadali pano, kapangidwe kake ka modular kamasinthasintha kuti kakhazikitsidwe ndikuyitanitsa mapulojekiti akunja, ndipo kapangidwe kotsekedwa kamaletsa kutuluka kwa fumbi ndi utsi, kutsatira malamulo oteteza chilengedwe ku Guinea ndikukwaniritsa bwino kufunikira kwa ma anode carbon blocks a mizere yopanga aluminiyamu ingot yokhala ndi mphamvu zokwana matani 600,000 pachaka.

Poganizira zamtsogolo, motsogozedwa ndi mfundo za ku Guinea ndi kapangidwe kake ka mafakitale m'mabizinesi aku China, kukonza kwambiri bauxite m'deralo kwakhala chizolowezi chosasinthika, ndipo mphamvu ya aluminiyamu ndi aluminiyamu yamagetsi ipitilira kukula.

Monga zida zazikulu zopangira anode yophikidwa kale, makina otenthetsera ndi kupanga zinthu adzadzaza malo othandizira mafakitale a aluminiyamu ku Guinea, kukhala malo ofunikira kwambiri pakukonza njira yamakampani a aluminiyamu aku Africa ndikugawana phindu la kukonza zinthu zakomweko, ndikuthandiza mabizinesi aku China kukonza njira yotsekedwa ya unyolo wonse wa mafakitale a "zinthu + zomangamanga + kukonza + malo othandizira", ndikufufuza msika wa aluminiyamu wabuluu wamitundu itatu ku Guinea.